ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of New Strains Produced From Pineapple (Ananas comosus) Var. Cayeen Treated with Colchicine
THIS STUDY was carried out during 2013 and 2014 seasons in ……order to evaluate 14 pineapple strains resulted from colchicine treatment of pineapple plants grown in the orchard of Horticulture Research Orchard, Agriculture Research Center. Giza. Egypt, in comparison with the original cultivar Cayeen. Fruit characteristics, as physical and chemical properties of fruit were recorded. Morphological characteristics for leaf edges, fruit, crown and flowers were, also, studied. Results demonstrated that, total fruit weight (fruit+crown) was the highest with strain no. 9 in comparison with other tested strains, as well as “Cayeen” cv. Regarding, fruit physical properties, strain no. 9 recorded the heaviest fruit weight 900 g as compared to 462.5g for the original cultivar (Cayeen) with an increase of 94.6% for fruit weight. Concerning fruit chemical properties, data indicated no significant differences in fruit juice T.S.S% and total sugars content. General evaluation revealed that strain no. 9 seemed to be the superior strain regarding fruit quality among all the tested strains, as it attained the uppermost score as compared with the standard cv.” Cayeen”. The morphological evaluation showed that it has smooth leaf. Dormant flowers were recorded in the in inflorescences of some strains and the strains no. 17 and 31 were advised for further study in breaking dormant flowers.
Thus, It can be concluded that the selected strain no. 9 has good fruit quality for consumer and strains no. 17 and 31 needs further studies concerning flower dormant activation.
https://ejoh.journals.ekb.eg/article_1328_f8a0e8d94e56f10a136dfd19a7db1323.pdf
2015-12-31
741
757
10.21608/ejoh.2015.1328
pineapple
Colchicine
breeding
Strains
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Self and Cross Compatibility in Some Mango Cultivars
THIS STUDY was carried out during 2013 and 2014 seasons in ….. order to study self and cross compatibility among Sedik, Langra and Ewais cultivars. Sedik, Langra, Hindi, Zebda and Ewais were grown in the farm of horticulture research institute, Giza governorate and used as pollinators. The puncle/inflorescence (%) and fruit set average were recorded in the two seasons. In Sedik the results of puncles/inflorescence (%) and fruit set were the highest when Sedik was self pollinated. Langra, showed best results when Zebda and Hindi was used as pollinators. Ewais puncles/inflorescence (%) recorded its best results when pollinated with Sedik and resulted in the best average of fruit set with Zebda. On the other hand, the factors control puncle/inflorescence% and average fruit set, Anatomical study showed that In Sedik cultivar (stigmas) a few Sedik pollen which could not germinate and the germination was very poor and pollen tube showed abnormal development, they stopped growth early in the style.
In Langra cultivar (stegma) Zebda pollen germination was very poor and the pollen tubes grew very slowly and showed abnormalities which led to an earlier cessation of growth. In Ewais cultivar (stegma) Sedik pollen had poor germination the style tissue was senesced
Thus, it can be concluded that, Sedik, pollinators was suitable for Sedik cultivar, However, Hindi and/or Zebda were suitable as pollinators for Langra cultivar. While Sedik and Zebda were suitable pollinators for Ewais.
https://ejoh.journals.ekb.eg/article_1329_cb442c4397d3fd4db05202e7494cfbf1.pdf
2015-12-31
759
770
10.21608/ejoh.2015.1329
Mango
pollination
Compatibility
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Antioxidant Potential of Some Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Cultivars Growing under Salinity Stress
THE CURRENT study was conducted during season 2013 on …… one-year-old mango seedlings of Golek, Misk, Hindi Besinnara, Sukkary and Zebda cvs. to investigate the activities of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic components of the antioxidant system in mango under salinity stress. Plants were subjected to three levels of salinity (0, 1000 and 2000 mg L-1). The activities of peroxidase, (POD), catalase, (CAT), polyphenyl oxidase (PPO), membrane stability index were determined and leaf content of reduced glutathione, chlorophyll, ascorbate and total sugars were determined. Activities of antioxidant enzymes, membrane stability index, ascorbate and reduced glutathione contents were significantly altered by salinity treatments. Leaves of salt-stressed plant exhibited a greater activity of peroxidase and polyphenyl oxidase while reduced activity of catalase. Reduced glutathione and membrane stability index increased by increasing salinity level. Salinity effect was less evident on chlorophyll and total sugar content. The differences between the studied cultivars were evident in most of the studied parameters. Zebda cultivar showed a higher antioxidant potential which provide a resistance mechanism agent salinity stress.
https://ejoh.journals.ekb.eg/article_1330_c24e0d116bbc9f1f19247367ce4083a4.pdf
2015-12-31
771
783
10.21608/ejoh.2015.1330
Mango
salinity
Antioxidant enzymes
membrane stability index
ascorbate
reduced glutathione
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Pruning Severity on Flowering and Fruiting of Mango (Mangifera indica) cv. Alphonso in Off-Year Season
THIS study was conducted in two successive seasons 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 in a private orchard to evaluate the effect of after setting pruning (at the first week of June) of non bearing shoots in the On-year for enhancing some flowering and fruiting attributes in the next off-year of Alphonso mango cultivar . Trees were subjected to four pruning treatments, removing half length of the terminal shoots, removing the whole terminal shoots , tipping and the control (without pruning). The highest number of emerged shoots per pruned shoot was achieved by removing half length of the terminal shoots, this treatment recorded the highest reserve of total sugars and C/N ratio in the leaves at the time of flower bud differentiation, moreover this treatment was fulfilled the highest number of flowering shoots, number of panicles per tree, panicle length, perfect flowers percentage, fruit retention and yield. Removing half length of the terminal shoots in On-year of Alphonso mango cultivar proved to be the most effective treatment to regulate tree yield of Alphonso cultivar.
https://ejoh.journals.ekb.eg/article_1331_14b1283f0506a97b79fcba628bd1540c.pdf
2015-12-31
785
794
10.21608/ejoh.2015.1331
Mango
pruning
alternate bearing
flowering
fruiting
fruit retention
yield
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Some Treatments on Reducing Sunburn in Wonderful Pomegranate Fruit Trees
THIS study was carried out during two successive seasons of 2011 and 2012 in order to study the effect of spraying purshade at (2, 4 %), Ca(OH)2 at (1, 2 %) and Kaolin at (2, 4 %) on reducing fruit sunburn of three years old Wonderful pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) trees grown in sandy soil of private farm at Alexandria desert road, Egypt. All experimental trees were sprayed twice (21 days after fruit set and one month later) in each season. Results showed that, Kaolin at 2 % significantly increased fruit weight (g), yield (Kg/tree) and non-edible part (%) as compared with the control and the other treatments. Meanwhile, Kaolin application at 4 % led to a marked reduction in cracked and sunburned fruits, increasing the marketable fruits. Also, treatment with Kaolin at 4 % increased fruit chemical contents (TSS, TSS/acidity, vitamin C, anthocyanin pigment and total sugars) and redness fruit as compared to the other treatments. While, Ca (OH)2 at 2 % caused a significant increase in fruit length and diameter (cm). In addition, Purshade at 4 % caused the highest increase in fruit edible part (%) and acidity (%).Generally, all treatments were effective in reducing the percentage of Wonderful pomegranate fruit sunburn. In addition, the treatment of Kaolin at 4 % was more effective than the other treatments under the experimental conditions.
https://ejoh.journals.ekb.eg/article_1332_7eb3f90543c070b2d1fe5d1d9bdaedd5.pdf
2015-12-31
795
806
10.21608/ejoh.2015.1332
pomegranate
Purshade
Ca(OH)2
kaolin
fruit quality
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Determination of Optimum Harvesting Date in Relation to Fruit and Oil Quality of Some Olive Cultivars
THIS investigation was carried out through 2013 and 2014 seasons on five olive cultivars (Manzanillo, Picual, Coratina, Koroneiki and Arbequina) picked in four dates (each fifteen days) from trees were 12 years old grown in sandy soil, planted at 5x5 meter apart under drip irrigation system in a private orchard located at Cairo/Alexandria desert road. This study has been to determine the optimal harvest time for olive cultivars in which to achieve highest quality of fruits and maximum quantity and quality of oil. The investigating has identified the flowering duration, the changes in physical characteristics of fruits and chemical properties of oil during the different harvesting dates related with the maturity index to calculate the days from full bloom till the optimum harvesting date according to the category of maturity index of each cultivar.
The results observed an increment in length, width, weight of fruit and seed weight from the first to the fourth dates, while no significant difference in seed length, width and flesh/ pit ratio during the two studied seasons. Fruit oil contents were increased and total polyphenols of extracted oil were decreased from the first to fourth harvesting date in all the studying cultivars during the two studied seasons.
As a result, the optimal harvesting date was determined in Manzanillo cultivar after (166 and 170) days, Picual cultivar after (184 and 192) days, Coratina cultivar after (193 and 199) days, Koroneiki cultivar after (216 and 224) days and Arbequina cultivar after (213 and 217) in the two studied seasons respectively, calculated from full bloom.
https://ejoh.journals.ekb.eg/article_1333_69689d28f8a60f30a1caafa851d4fee7.pdf
2015-12-31
807
824
10.21608/ejoh.2015.1333
Manzanillo
picual
Coratina
Koroneiki
Arbequina
Optimum harvesting
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Improving Yield, Fruit Quality and Storability of ‘Zaghloul’ Date Palm Cultivar by Pre-Harvest Sprays of Some Growth Regulators and Bunch Bagging
THE PRESENT study was conducted during the two consecutive …….seasons, 2013 and 2014 on fifteen years old „Zaghloul‟ date palm trees (Phoenix dactylifera L.) grown in a calcareous soil under flood irrigation system to study the effect of pre-harvest spray of the growth regulators gibberellic acid (GA3) at 150 mg/l , naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at 100 mg/l and ethrel at 1000 mg/l and bunch bagging treatments (about 4 weeks from pollination) on bunch weight, fruit physical characteristics, total soluble solids (TSS), acidity and tannins % at harvest and Rutab, weight loss, ascorbic acid, total phenol content and peroxidase activity during cold storage (0 ± 1) °C and 90-95% RH for 15 days. At harvest, all growth regulators increased bunch weight, fruit weight, fruit length and fruit diameter compared to the control except ethrel which had no influence on fruit weight as compared with the control. NAA spray gave the highest bunch weight than the other treatments. A significant increase was obtained in bunch weight and fruit physical characteristics by bunch bagging compared to un-bagged treatment. TSS % and acidity, as well as tannins, were increased by GA3 and NAA compared with the control. Ethrel spray resulted in higher TSS content and lower acidity and tannins contents compared with control and other growth regulators. Bunch bagging decreased TSS and tannins while it had insignificant effect on acidity. During cold storage, a significant decrease in Rutab% and fruit weight loss was obtained in both seasons by all sprayed growth regulators except ethrel in the first season. Only ascorbic acid, total phenol content and peroxidase activity was significantly higher with GA3 and NAA treatment compared with ethrel and control. In this respect, ethrel showed the lowest ascorbic acid, total phenol content and peroxidase activity among other growth regulators. The result of both seasons generally indicated that bunch bagging treatment tended to increase Rutab%, ascorbic acid and reduce peroxidase activity while it had no significant effect on weight loss and total phenol content.
https://ejoh.journals.ekb.eg/article_1334_76244477d3aad2644ea25df472791dd1.pdf
2015-12-31
825
838
10.21608/ejoh.2015.1334
growth regulators
bagging
Rutab
ascorbic acid
Phenol
Cold storage
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Silicon and/ or NPK Treatments on Growth, Flowering and Corm Production in Gladiolus
APOT EXPERIMENT was consummated in the open at the ……..experimental farm of Hort. Res. Inst., ARC, Giza, Egypt during 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 winter seasons. The effect of silicon in the form of diatomite applied as foliar spray or soil drench at the rates of 1,2 and 4 g/ l and NPK (2:1:2) mixture at 2 g /pot as soil drench on Gladiolus grandiflorus Andrews cv. Flora Red plant production. The effect of combined treatments between Si at 1, 2 and 4 g/l and NPK mixture at 2 g/pot was also studied. The control plants received no fertilization.
The results of this experiment have shown that all treatments used in this study caused a significant increment in the means of all vegetative growth parameters, flowering stalk length and number of florets/spike, and decreased the number of days to flowering. A similar trend was also obtained regarding the mean number of corms and cormels/plant, diameter of corm and cormel, fresh and dry weight of corm and cormel, as well as leaf contents of Si, chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids, N, P and K. The results also indicated that means of all previous measurements increased progressively with increasing silicon level regardless of application method (foliar or drench). However, soil drench application method gave better results than foliar spray. Moreover, the combining between Si and NPK mixture induced an additional improvement in the means of various a forenamed characters in the two seasons. The combining between Si at 4 g/l and NPK mixture at 2 g/pot gave the utmost high values compared to the other sole and combined treatments.
Hence, it can be advised to treat gladiolus cv. ʺFlora Redʺ plants cultivated in pots with silicon in the form of diatomite powder at 4 g/l plus NPK mixture (2:1:2) at 2 g/pot applied as soil drench.
https://ejoh.journals.ekb.eg/article_1335_00a789129068c52667fbf2c99887daef.pdf
2015-12-31
839
851
10.21608/ejoh.2015.1335
Gladiolus
NPK
Si
Diatomite
Vegetative growth
flowering
corm
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Response of Growth and Yield of Eggplants (Solanum melongena L.) to Organic Mulches and Nitrogen Fertilization Levels During Late Summer Season
TWO FIELD experiments were conducted with eggplant …….(cv..Sawad.El laiel F1, supplied by Samtrade company) during the successive summer seasons of 2013 and 2014 at a private farm, Kafr El-sheikh Governorate, Egypt to investigate the effect of nitrogen rates (50, 100 and 150kg/fed.), organic mulch (Rice straw, wheat straw and dry grass as well as the bare soil as a control), and their interaction on vegetative growth parameters, yield and fruit quality of eggplants. The obtained results showed that increasing N applied rate was accompanied with significant increases in vegetative growth characterstics (plant height (cm), number of branches and leaves, leaf area (cm2), plant fresh weight (g), both early and total yield and fruit quality (average fruit weight (g) and both length and width of fruit (cm) by increasing N rates up to 150 kg/fed. On the other hand, nitrogen use efficiency was decreased with increment of N rate. Organic mulch treatments had a positive effect on vegetative growth parameters, total yield, fruit quality and nitrogen use efficiency compared with bare soil which had the highest early yield. The best results of aforementioned parameters were recorded by using different types of organic mulch and plants fertilized with 100 kg/fed of Nitrogen.
https://ejoh.journals.ekb.eg/article_1336_994b9674fcc29ea1b47c3e04351dc1a0.pdf
2015-12-31
853
864
10.21608/ejoh.2015.1336
Eggplant
Nitrogen rate
Organic mulch
Nitrogen use efficiency
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Mitigation Heat Stress on Tomato Plant by Shading and Fogging System: Influence Microclimate, Fruit Set, Yield and Physiological Disorders
THE IMPACT of heat stress on tomato plant (Lycopersicon ……esculentum MILL.) during the late summer season was studied in the International Protected Cultivation Centre, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt. The plants were grown in the open field and in a shaded house covered by white net providing 35% shading. The shaded house was divided into three groups, two of them grown under two fogging systems and the third one was isolated without fogging. The fogging system was operated to work 10 min/h or 20 min/h. According to the climatic data, the fogging system was adjusted to only work during the peak temperature period of the day (10 am - 4 pm). The maximum temperature was recorded at 2 pm in the open field which exceeded 37oC during the peak flowering and fruit set period. While the temperature was extremely high in the open field, the RH% was extremely low which reached to 39% at 2 pm. The results indicated that the average monthly of maximum temperature reduced 1.8 oC by shading and 4.5 oC by fogging under shading. Inside the shaded house, the RH% increased by 10% and the fogging added more 16% during the period of 10 am - 4 pm. All studied treatments mitigated heat stress on tomato plant and decreased fruit physiological disorders. Improving the microclimate inside the shaded house by fogging systems resulted in higher fruit set percentage, fruit weight and total and marketable yields than those obtained from the open field. The main fruit disorders were cracking, sunscald, blossom end rot, puffiness, internal white tissues, blotchy ripening and cat face, respectively. The most effective treatment was the use of fogging system for 20 min/h (10 am - 4 pm) under shaded house for high fruit yield and less physiological disorders during the late summer season.
https://ejoh.journals.ekb.eg/article_1337_8e5bb8784c5610e9a237e6453e05be80.pdf
2015-12-31
865
881
10.21608/ejoh.2015.1337
Tomato
heat stress
Shaded house
Fogging system
fruit set
yield
Physiological disorders
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Influence of Compost on Calendula Officinalis Plants as Affected by Different Agricultural Drainage Levels of Irrigation Water
APOT EXPERIMENT was conducted to identify the influence of ……compost mixed with the soil at three different rates (0, 50 and 100 g/pot) before cultivation and application of agricultural drainage saline water (DW) alone (DW, ECw = 4.93 dS/m) or mixed with fresh water (FW) (FW, ECw = 0.31 dS/m) in different mixtures (FW:DW =2:1, 1:1 and 1:2, corresponding ECw values of 1.68, 2.27 and 3.62 dS/m, respectively) for irrigating Calendula officinalis L. plants during two successive growing seasons of 2013/2014 and 2014/2015.
The results obtained showed that all vegetative growth, flowers parameters and chemical constituents were significantly decreased except of proline. Na, Mg, Ca and B were significantly increased by applying the drainage water directly or as a mixture with fresh water at any ratio. On the other hand, these parameters and chemical constituents were significantly increased with increasing compost application rates under irrigation with fresh or drainage water, while prompted a noteworthy decrease in proline, Na and B. The interaction effect between compost and drainage water levels was almost positive for all vegetative growth, flower parameters and chemical constituents. The most favorable interaction treatment was the highest level of compost (100g/pot) combined with drainage water at rates 2:1 and 1:1. It can be concluded that compost application overcome the harmful effect of drainage water and had a favorable effect on vegetative growth, flowering and chemical constituents of
Calendula officinalis L. plants.
https://ejoh.journals.ekb.eg/article_1338_f1db983f915fe3dc8b7c70afee17506c.pdf
2015-12-31
883
898
10.21608/ejoh.2015.1338
Calendula officinalis
compost
Agricultural drainage saline water
Growth
yield
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Moringa Leaves Extract as a Natural Product Compared with Other Synthetic Compounds on Yield Production and Fruit Quality of Navel Orange Trees
THIS STUDY was conducted during two successive seasons 2013 …. and 2014 in private orchard at El-Behiera governorate (Latitude: 30.9833 Longitude: 30.2000), Egypt, to study the effect of spraying Moringa leaf extract, as a safe natural product compared to other substances on yield and fruit quality of 15-years-old Navel orange trees (Citrus sinensis) budded on Sour Orange (Citrus aurantium, L.Osbeck). Treatments used were; control (spraying with tap water), moringa leaf extract (MLE) at 3, gibberellic acid (GA3) at 30 ppm, chelated calcium (Ca) at 0.5%, and potassium nitrate (KNO3) at 1%. They were sprayed at full bloom stage, fruit set, at last week of June and at complete mature stage. The obtained results revealed that, treatments in general improved significantly Navel orange fruit set, where GA3 and MLE treatments gave the highest value. The highest yield was induced by MLE followed by other treatments. While, MLE treatment gave the lowest fruit peel firmness compared to other ones. In addition, MLE and GA3 treatments increased juice percentage and gave the highest TSS %. On the other hand, MLE treatment increase significantly juice acidity compared to the other treatments. Moreover, KNO3 treatment gave the highest values of nitrite and nitrate in fruit juice, while GA3 and MLE treatments were the lowest. KNO3 and MLE significantly increased leaf N and K contents. Whereas, treatments in this study had insignificant effect on leaf P% content in both seasons. Thus, overall, based on the current results, moringa leaves extract can be used at rates of 3% to stimulate the biomass production of Washington navel orange trees yield, enhance leaf mineral content and some physical and chemical characteristics.
https://ejoh.journals.ekb.eg/article_1339_8658c73613afabab3a24e09be2a1a831.pdf
2015-12-31
899
911
10.21608/ejoh.2015.1339
Navel orange
moringa extract
GA3
KNO3
CA
yield
fruit quality
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Pinching and Paclobutrazol (Pbz) on Vegetative Growth of Russelia equisetiformis for Using as a Pot Plant
THE PRESENT experiment was performed at the nursery of Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research centre, Giza, Egypt during two successive seasons 2013 and 2014. It intended to dwarf vegetative growth of Russelia equisetiformis for using as a pot plant. Thus, the individual and the combined effects of different pinching treatments (after either one or two months from planting) and various levels of paclobutrazol (0, 100, 150 and 200 mg/l) were applied as a foliar spray, commencing from one month of planting and then at weekly intervals till the experiment termination in (September15th) in both seasons. The results emphasized that using pinching treatment for only one time produced the highest number of secondary shoots/plant and increased fresh and dry weight of shoots/plant as well as flower number/plant. Meanwhile, treating plants with pinching treatment for two times proved its superiority in reducing plant height with increasing number of main shoots, root length and number of roots/plant. Additionally, negligible and insignificant differences were observed for fresh and dry weights of roots due to using pinching treatments in both seasons.
Plant height was gradually decreased by increasing paclobutrazol levels in both seasons, whereas number of roots/plant was progressively increased by increasing paclobutrazol level in the same seasons. Applying paclobutrazol at 100 mg/l revealed a clear increment in either fresh or dry weight of shoots/plant. Moreover, root length was increased due to using the same paclobutrazol level (100 mg/l). Supplying plants with paclobutrazol at 150 mg/l proved its mastery in raising number of main and second shoots/plant. Also, the same treatment proved its superiority for raising fresh and dry weight of roots. Meanwhile, paclobutrazol treatment at 200 mg/g gave rise to the utmost high values of flower number/plant.
Referring to chemical constituents of vegetative growth parts, pinching treatment for two times proved its mastery in raising chlorophyll (a) and carotenoids contents, whereas it slightly increased chlorophyll (b). Meanwhile, the same treatment caused a slight increment in phenols content, but decreased indoles content in the
https://ejoh.journals.ekb.eg/article_1340_88782e888cb58567312a065b8c22d20c.pdf
2015-12-31
913
930
10.21608/ejoh.2015.1340